variables

Variables Worksheet
Name:Zac Vangen

Please identify the independent variables, dependent variables, control variables and suggest possible extraneous or confounding variables for each of the following problem students.

1. This study will investigate the relationship between parental drug addition and the incidence of birth defects in infants.

- Independent: Parental drug addiction (cause)

- Dependent: Incidence of birth defects in infants (effect)

- Extraneous: Type of drug used by parent, gender, economic class (not accounted for in study)

2. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of repetition on long term and short term memory of adult college students.

- Independent:effects of repetition

- Dependent:on long term and short term memeory

- Extraneous:what is being repeated

3. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of positive reinforcement on the self concept levels of male and female fifth grade students.

- Independent:positive reinforcement on self concept levels

- Dependent: male and female fifth graders

- Extraneous: actual age where they live and home situations

4. This study will compare the differences between counselors and non-counselors on a measure of self-disclosure.

- Independent:measure of self disclosure

- Dependent:counselors and not counselors

- Extraneous:age gender type of counselors

5. This research investigates the relative effectiveness of two types of incentives, token and praise, on math achievement in high school sophomores. Gender differences are also analyzed.

- Independent:incentives on math achievement

- Dependent:gender, sophmore students

- Extraneous:math classes age

6. This study will study dropout rates of male students compared to female students.

- Independent:drop out rates

- Dependent:male and female

- Extraneous: grade school they go to area they live